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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effect of DSM17938 strain against oxidative stress in a neonatal mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and explore the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#Ninety-six 10-day-old neonatal C57BL/6J mice were equally randomized into control group, NEC group, and NEC+ group. The pathological changes of the ileocecal intestinal tissue were evaluated with HE staining and double-blind pathological scoring. The mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the intestinal tissues were detected using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Colorimetric assays were used to determine the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its inhibition rate, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and GSSG/ GSH ratio.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those in the control group, the neonatal mice in NEC group showed significant weight loss ( 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@# DSM17938 can offer protection against NEC in mice by reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant capacity of the intestinal tissue to suppress intestinal inflammations.
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The study aimed to investigate if the dynamic changes in cerebral electrical impedance [CEI] values could be used to monitor brain edema during cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB] in infants. Forty infants [mean age: 1.4+/-0.38y] with acyanotic congenital heart disease who underwent CPB open-heart surgery between September 2009 and March 2010 were prospectively enrolled, and divided into 2 groups based on aortic cross-clamping [ACC] time: CPB-A [ACC<50 min] and CPB-B [ACC>/=50 min]. During the same period, twenty infants [aged 1-3y] who underwent surgery for indirect inguinal hernias were selected as controls. Serum astrocyte S100 protein [S100] and neuron-specific enolase [NSE] levels were determined before and after CPB. Changes in CEI were detected using the BORN-BE system. No intraoperative death occurred. Compared with controls, left and right side CEI values, serum S100 and NSE levels in the CPB groups significantly increased from surgery beginning to end [P<0.05]. After surgery, these levels decreased [P<0.05]. Detection rates of cerebral edema in the CPB-B group 24h post-operative were significantly higher than in the CPB-A group [P<0.05]. CEI value can be used to dynamically monitor brain edema in infants undergoing CPB, and is an index reflecting brain damage during CPB in infants
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Objective To study the clinical characteristics of immune tolerance after liver transplantation in children and to identify possible predictors.Methods The clinical data of 37 pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation between April 2006 and April 2014 at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the no-drug (n =4),single-drug (n =16) and multi-drug (n =17) groups according to the status of their current immunosuppressant medications.The possible predictive factors were screened based on their clinical data,and statistical analysis was performed.Results The 37 liver transplantation recipients included 16 males (43.2％) and 21 females (56.8％).The factors that differed among the groups included age at transplantation and the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the transplant recipients.Age,ALT level,and AST level of the transplant recipients were significantly different between the single-drug group and the multi-drug group (all P ＜ 0.05).However,only the ALT Ievel was significantly different (P ＜ 0.05) between the no-drug group and the multi-drug group.No significant differences were found in the various other factors between the no-drug and single-drug groups.Conclusion The age of the recipient at transplantation was a predictive factor affecting clinical immune tolerance in pediatric liver transplantation,while ALT and AST levels were potential predictors of postoperative immune tolerance.
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Objective To summarize the clinical experience of successful liver transplantation from infant donation after cardiac death (DCD) for infant with biliary astresia (BA).Methods The donor was a 16-months-old girl with a body weight of 10 kg,who died of irreversible anoxic cerebral damage after sudden asphyxiation.The recipient was a 24-months-old girl with a body weight of 12 kg,who suffered from icteric concurrent late biliary cirrhosis after the Porta-jejunum anastomosis because of congenital BA.The DCD liver was classically orthotopically transplanted into the infants recipient.The warm ischemia time was 7 min,the cold ischemia time was 360 min,and the graft volume to the standard liver volume (GV/SLV) was 1.02.After operation,the vital signs and transplanted liver function of the recipient were monitored,and the recipient was given treatments of anti-infection,anticoagulation,and improving the microcirculation.The recipient was treated with the triple immunosuppression protocol of tacrolimus,mycophenolate and prednisone to prevent rejection.Results The operating time of the recipient was 480 min,the non-liver stage was 65 min,and the blood loss was 230 mL.The endotracheal intubation was removed from the recipient at 12 h,and the recipient started to eat at 48 h aftcr operation.The recipient had a hepatic artery thrombus on the 3rd and 15th day after operation,and the hepatic artery had re-blood-supply after the hepatic artery catheterization and continuous perfusion with urokinase.The recipient was discharged on the 42nd day,and the recipient was in satisfactory condition to present.Conclusion The infant DCD liver is a better graft for infant liver transplantation for BA.The surgical complications can be reduced with matched volume of donor-recipient liver; and it can guarantee a successful operation with perfect operative technique and careful perioperative management.
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Objective To investigate the cause of jejunum perforation after infantile livingrelated liver transplantation (ILRLT) and summarize the experience of treatment. Methods The clinical data of 28 infants with biliary atresia who underwent ILRLT were analyzed and 4 of 28 infantile recipients (14. 3%) developed jejunum perforation after ILDLT. Results Four patients had 7 episodes of jejunum perforation after transplantation among 28 infantile recipients who underwent ILRLT because of biliary atresia. The median time between transplantation and perforation was 11 days.Perforation occurred at the point of silk in jejunum stoma (n = 3) and the Roux-en-Y limb (n = 1 ).None had a history of prior operation including Kasai in 4 patients. Clinical manifestation included fever, increased heart rate, abdominal distention, leukocytosis, and no free air on abdominal roentgenograrns. A simple repair was performed in three infants with silk: two developed recurrent perforation (67%) and underwent a re-exploration,and another had a third perforation and underwent a third repair because of re-perforation. Another child underwent a simple repair with prolene, and there was no recurrence. None died from the perforation in our study. Conclusion The occurrence and location of jejunum perforation after ILDLT suggests that the cause of the perforation is related to the jejunal anastomosis with silk, and the jejunum perforation may be avoided in the jejunal anastomosis with prolene. Early diagnosis and exploration may ensure better survival.
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Objective To summarize the clinical experience of segmental living related liver transplantation for very small infant with biliary atresia. Methods The recipient was a 145-day-old male with congenital biliary atresia. The infant was 66 cm in height and weighed 3.08 kg. The donor was his 36-year-old mother. Her segment Ⅱ of the liver was excised and orthotopically transplanted into the infant's body as the graft. The portal vein of the graft was end-to-end anastomosed to the portal vein of the recipient, the hepatic artery of the graft was end-to-end anastomosed to the proper hepatic artery of the recipient with lateral superficial vein of left great saphenous vein from donor as a bridge, and the hepatic vein was end-to-end anastomosed to the hepatic vein of the recipient whose hepatic vein was conformed from right, middle and left hepatic vein. Biliary tract was reconstructed via Roux-en-Y operation. Results Segment Ⅱ (160 g) of liver from donor was resected, and there was no blood infusion. The donor retained her liver function within 5 days and was discharged on the eighth day. The operating time of graft implantation was 451 min. The blood loss was 250 ml. Non-liver stage was 71 min. The cold ischemic time was 132 min. Cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and prednisone were used for postoperative immunosuppression. The bilirubin level of the infant was decreased to the normal level one week after operation, and the liver function became normal in 9 days. Jejuno-leakage on the 7th day after the transplantation was recovered by mend and drainage and discharged on the 35th day. The donor and recipient were in satisfactory condition to present. Conclusion The segmental living related liver transplantation is advisable for very small infant with biliary atresia. Perfect operative technique and postoperative intensive care are the keys to ensure the success of the procedure.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)and ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)in the lungs of mice with intra-amniotic endotoxin priming and exposed to 60% hyperoxia after born in order to elucidate the possible relationship with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD).MethodsFifty C57 pregnant mice were divided into 2 groups:lipopolysaccharide(LPS,40 ?g/L)group and saline solution group,and then received an intra-amniotic injection of corresponding solution on E15.The neonatal mice of each group were randomized to be set in 60% oxygen exposure or in room air.So there were 4 subgroups,LPS+air,LPS+hyperoxia,saline+air and saline+hyperoxia groups.On days 1,3,7,10 and 14 after birth(8 rats each time point),the lung histological changes was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining for radial alveolar counting(RAC).The expressions of TGF-?1 and ?-SMA proteins were detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining,and the expressions of TGF-?1 and ?-SMA mRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).ResultsIn the LPS+hyperoxia group and saline+hyperoxia group,RAC began to decrease on day 3,and then further declined in a time-dependent manner.Compared with saline+hyperoxia group,LPS+hyperoxia group had significantly lower RAC(P
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Objective To establish a respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) model of piglets and assess the therapeutic effect of pulmonary surfactant (PS) on gas exchange, lung mechanics and morphology. Methods Preterm newborn piglets were delivered by cesarean section at 94~97 days of gestation for determination of lung immaturity. Littermates were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group C50 were treated with 50 mg/kg for 6 h and group C100 with 100 mg/kg Curosurf; group C was the control group and group N received no ventilation. Blood-gas analyses and lung mechanic measurement were performed per hour. At the end of the experiment, the lungs were processed for biochemical, biophysical and histopathological analyses. Results Surfactant deficiency in RDS was shown with the low total phospholipids (TPL) level in bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) in premature piglets at 94~97 days of gestation with marked difficulty in spontaneous respiration and morphological evidence of poor alveolar aeration and paucity of lamellar bodies in type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells. The group C had typical lung injury of RDS, the C100 and C50 group had variable but significantly improved alveolar phospholipid, alveolar aeration and wet-to-dry lung weight ratio. PaO_2/FiO_2 was improved from (92?37) mm Hg to (235?137) mm Hg, and the dynamic compliance (Cdyn) from (0.48?0.08) to (0.76?0.29) ml/(cm H_2O?kg) in group C100. But mild effects was shown in group C50. Conclusion A premature piglet RDS model is established and valuable for investigation of mechanism of lung injury in early life after born.
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Objective:The study was to improve the protection of the bone marrow during the chemotherapy of late hepatocarcinoma balb/c mice and increase its survival rate. Methods:Cultivated H22 hepatocarcinoma cell was injected into the balb/c mouse to make the animal model. MDR1 gene was transferred into the hematopoietic cells of murine bone marrow by the mediation of retrovirus vecter and transplanted into the balb/c mouse with hepatocarcinoma exposure with 60 Co-? ray in advance.WBC were investigated 3 days after high-dose chemotherapy. The function and the expression of MDR1 gene were detected by PCR method and IC method in vitro and in vivo. Results:WBC of the different dose experiment group was higher than that of the control group obviously ( P 0.05) ,but in the second week WBC counting of the 0.8mg/kg group was lower than that of the other two groups( P
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Purpose:To investigate the influence of doxorubicin chemotherapy on overexpression of epithelial growth factor. Methods:Cancer animal model was made and treated with doxorubicin. The concentration of EGF protein in Plasma and mRNA in cancer tissue were detected by ELISA and Real-time quantitative RT-PCR respectively and the correlation of this parameter was evaluated. Results:The plasma concentrations of EGF expression were 3X Group 1.19?0.42 pg/ml, 1X Group 1.61?0.51 pg/ml, control group 2.13?0.68 pg/ml, and normal 0.91?0.33 pg/ml respectively. The concentration of EGF were analysed by ANOVA q test. The median concentrations of mRNA were 3X Group 1.6?10 3 copies/ml, 1X Group 8.5?10 4 copies/ml, control 4?10 5 copies/ml, and normal 2.5?10 2 copies/ml respectively, and were analysed by rank-sum test. It was shown that the control group had higher EGF and EGFR expression level than those treated with doxorubicin. EGF and EGFR expression of 3X Group were lower than that of 1X Group but remained higher than that of normal (P
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Objective:The study was to improve the protection effect of the bone marrow during the chemotherapy of earlier hepatocarcinoma Balb/C mice,to observe the expression of P-gp in tumor tissues and important organs and to examine the influence of MDR1 gene on Balb/C mouse. Methods:MDR1 gene was transferred into hematopoietic cells of murine bone marrow by the mediation of retrovirus vecter and transplanted into the Balb/c mouse with hepatocarcinoma exposure with 60 Co-? ray in advance.The function and the expression of MDR1 gene in hematopoietic cells,and tumor tissue was detected by RT-PCR method and IC method in vitro.Results:There was no P-gp expression in the two control groups,but that of the different dose experiment group was higher than that of control groups obviously ( P